Building and bridge construction



(No Model.)

P. H. JACKSON.

BUILDING AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

Patented Oct. 18, 1887.

Fishl.

141/614201 l eterJicfac 7 150 n,

N, PETERS. PhomLimographur. Washington, D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT Oriana,

PETER H. JACKSON, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

BUILDING AND BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 371,844, dated October 18, 1887.

Original application filed January 7, I886, serial No. 187,930. Divided and this appication filed April 19, 1987. Serial No. 232,455.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PETER H. J AOKSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and 5 State of California, have invented certain new I and useful Improvements in Building and Bridge Constructions; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to girders, bridges, floors, and similar bodies or structures.

My object is to strengthen girders, bridges, and the like when constructed of cement, con crete, artificial stone, or similar material, and at the same time materially reduce their cost, adding greatly to their strength, while employing only from one-third to one-half the quantity of metal now used in such bodies and structures.

\Vith these objects in view my invention consists in embedding and cementing in a girder, bridge, pavement, or other structure of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material, both below and above its central neutral axis or horizontalplane and parallel to one another, small I-shaped metallic beams, or, as in a girder, for example, one small I- shaped metallicbeam may be embedded and cemented in the body below its neutralline, and a smaller I-shaped metallic beam may be em bedded and cemented in the body above its neutral line, the flanged beam or beams below the neutral line strengthening the body against tensile strain, and the smaller beams above the neutral line assisting the material to resist compressive force, or small beams or flat bars having upright resistance-plates secured to them near their ends may be employed in place of the flanged beams; and, furthermore, my invention consists in a girder constructed as above described and having notches or serrations formed in its upper side, or having metal projections in its upper surface, and a wall built and cemented on this girder, (which is supported on end supports) so that when the wall and cement have hardened the girder and wallwill be practically integral, the wall largely 50 supporting itself by resisting compress-ion like the web and top flange of a girder, and the me- (No model) tallic beams at the bottom of the structure in the girder resisting the tensile strain like the bottom flange of a girder.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, Figure l is a perspective view of a girder of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material, showing two small I shaped metallic beams embedded and cemented side by side in the body below the neutral line thereof and one small metallic Ishapcd beam embedded and cemented in the body above the neutral line thereof. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a girder of cement, concrete, orartificial stone or similar material, showing one small I-shaped metallic beam embedded and cemented in the body below the neutral line thereof, and two small rods or bars embedded in the body above its neutral line, and having upright resistance-plates secured to them near their ends. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a girder of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material, showing two small. metallic flanged beams having end resistance-plates embedded and cemented ,side by side in the body below the neutral line thereof, two small rods having end resistanceplates embedded in the body above the neutral line thereof, and showing also the top of the girder formed with notches or serrations and metal projections.

Fig. 4 is a perspective View of a girder of concrete, cement, or similar material having small Ishaped metallic beams embedded in it both below and above its neutral line parallel with one another, and having its upper surface formed with transverse notches or serrations, and a wall built and cemented on the serrated upper side of the girder.

This application is a division of the original application filed by me January 7, 1886, Serial No. 187,930.

I strengthen the lower part of the girder or other body against tensile strain, which is exerted below the neutral line so i, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) by embedding and cementing in the body, I), of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material, below the neutral line thereof, one or more small metallic I-shaped beams, a, as desired, and to assist that part of the material of the body above the neutral line :0 3/ to resist compressive force (which is exerted when the body is deflected by a weight resting upon it) I embed and cement therein a small I-shaped metallic beam, 0, as shown in Fig. 1, or small metallic rods d, having upright resistance-plates d, bolted or otherwise secured to them near each of their ends, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. It will be seen that by this construction, which requires only from onethird to one half of the quantity of'metal employed in the heavy iron girders now used, when the girder or other body constructed in this manner is deflected by a weight resting upon it, the small I-shaped metallic beam or beams embedded and cemented in the body below the neutral line thereof will effectually strengthen the body against tensile strain, while the material of the body above its neutral line will to a great extent resist the compressive force, and is aided in this resistance by the small I-shaped metallic beam or beams c embedded and cemented in it, or by the rod d, having the end resistance-plates d when these rods are employed in place of the I- shaped beam or beams.

When used in the construction of a wall, a girder, b, of cement, concrete, or like material is employed, having small I shaped me tallie beams a c embedded and cemented in it both below and above its neural line; or the rods having end resistance-plates may be substituted for the beams, as desired, the top of the girder being formed with transverse notches or serrations f, or having metallic projections g in its upper side. The wall is then built and cemented on this girder, which is supported on end supports, and when the mortar and cement have hardened the planking or boxing is removed from around the girder and wall, and it will be found that the wall and girder are practically integral. The neutral line is thus changed from the center of the girder to a point midway between the bottom of the girder and the top of the wall. The upper part of the wall thus supports itself by resisting compressive force like the top flange and web of a girder, the concrete or artificial stone girder having the metallic beams cemented therein now being below and farthest from the neutral axis corresponds to the bottom flange of a girder and acts solely to resist tensile strain, so that all that portion of the wall above the neutral line is relieved therefrom.

The object of cementing the beam to the surrounding material is to prevent the material from slipping over the beam when the girder or body is deflected, the girder and the beam or beams embedded in it being thus practically integral. The end resistance-plates on the rod or bars serve the same purpose by preventing the material from slipping over the rods or bars to which they are attached.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A girder, floor, or like body of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material having one or more small metallic I-shaped beams embedded and cemented in it below its neutral line parallel with one another when more than one are used, and having a similar beam or beams embedded and cemented in it above its neutral line.

2. A girder, floor, or like body of cement, concrete, artificial stone, or similar material having embedded and cemented in it below its neutral line one or more I-shaped metallic beams having upright resistance-plates, and having embedded and cemented in it above its neutral line one or more small I-sha-ped metallic beams having upright resistance-plates.

3. A girder or other like body of concrete, cement, artificial stone, or similar material having flanged beams or bars provided with upright resistance-plates embedded in it both above and below its neutral line in parallel planes, and having its upper side provided with notches, serrations, or metal project-ions, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of the portion forming the bottom of a girder, having small flanged metallic beams or bars provided with upright resistance-plates embedded and cemented in it both below and above in parallel planes, and having notches, serrations, or projections on its upper side, and a wall built and cemented on said upper side, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

PETER H. JACKSON.

Witnesses:

J. V. ELLIs, HENRY A. Sonnrne. 

